Uporaba neizrazite logike pri investicijskom usklađivanju u javnom sektoru

Politics and the professions often have different standpoints on development planning and investment decisions in the public sector. Opposing views, lack of understanding and an inability to accept compromises in the planning and execution of investments frequently cause deviations which ultimately reveal themselves in negative economic consequences. Effective and successful planning and execution of investments in the public sector is one of the key development tasks in a state or local community. For this reason we have undertaken a detailed investigation of the issue with the goal of devising a tool in the form of a model of a system for support in decision making. In order to make it easier for appraisers and decision makers to express their opinions in a natural and individual manner, we have introduced an appraisal with linguistic values through the use of fuzzy logic. The purpose of this article is to present the characteristics and structure of the fuzzy model for coordinating opinions, and the progress and results of its use in the case of two Slovenian municipalities.Prilikom razvojnog procesa ili investicijskog odlučivanja u javnom sektoru, politika i struka često imaju potpuno različita stajališta. Suprotni pogledi, međusobno nerazumijevanje i nemogućnost usvajanja kompromisa pri prijedlogu razvoja ili investicijama česti su uzrok devijacija koje su na kraju izražene u negativnim ekonomskim posljedicama. Učinkovit i uspješan prijedlog, priprema i izdvajanje investicija u javnom sektoru jedan je od ključnih razvojnih čimbenika države obzirom na lokalnu zajednicu. Zbog ovih razloga odlučili smo problem pozornije istražiti i oblikovati sredstvo u obliku sustava za podršku odlučivanja. Da bi ključnim osobama u procesu odlučivanja omogućili iskaz njihovih razmišljanja na prirodan i njima blizak način, omogućili smo im upotrebu metode neizrazite logike - sustava ocjenjivanja s lingvističkim vrijednostima. Namjera ovog članka je predstavljanje značaja i strukture neizrazitog modela usklađivanja mišljenja, a nastao je korištenjem rezultata studije slučaja - dvije slovenske općine. Studije slučaja pokazale su da je u javnom sektoru primjerenim pristupom moguće implementirati postupak odlučivanja kao rezultat procesa usklađivanja mišljenja različitih osoba koje sudjeluju u procesu odlučivanja

How to Assess Whether Qualified Evaluations of e-Government Projects Are Conducted? The Case of Slovenia

Countries are investing significant resources in the development of e-government, but evaluations of e-government projects are rarely conducted in a comprehensive way. In order to take the right measures and to be effective in fostering the use and raising the quality of evaluations of e-government projects it is important to reveal the state of the practice. The paper presents the results of the research based on identification of parameters required to be measured in order to conduct qualified evaluations of e-government projects. Thirteen such paramaters were identified via the focus group, with participants comprising (Slovenian) e-government decision-makers and researchers. Using these 13 parameters and 7 additional questions about the knowledge and use of evalution methods a questionnaire was designed and applied in a survey on Slovenian public administration. Employing a binomial test and Fisher’s combined probability test it was established that in Slovenian public administration qualified evaluations of e-government projects were not being conducted. The method has demonstrated an eligible usability both for analysing the general situation and for exposing opportunities for improvement in various specific situations

Total Quality Management in the Implementation of Tasks of The Local Community: The Case of Pre-School Education

The paper presents the challenge of establishing a substantial governance framework of local government provision of tasks and services. The assumption that this end is highly dependent on the implementation of total quality management paradigm has led us to base our work on the Common Assessment Framework model. The research discusses the case of pre-school education. The main research question is how the representatives of the municipality, responsible for pre-school education, understand their role and accountability in the process of the provision of local government genuine services and tasks. As the main methodological result of the research is approved that the questionnaire based on the CAF model can help to discover the main opportunities for improvement of governance of genuine local government tasks. The results of the survey on pre-school education show that local governments are in control of financial matters and that their strategic focus is limited to the investment aspect. The accountability for quality management was approved as a key opportunity for improvement of local government governance

The Factor Model of Decentralization and Quality of Governance in European Union

This paper presents a selection of 43 variables collected from various sources, which are used to describe the concepts of decentralization and quality of governance in the EU countries. Decentralization is analyzed from two aspects, fiscal and political, while the quality of governance is, along with certain real indicators, measured in particular with the opinions of citizens. The aim of the research was to determine the factor structure of selected variables and provide guidelines for using best practices in exploratory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis classified the selected variables into three factors of fiscal decentralization (Fiscal decentralization, Fiscal centralization and Government expenditure), three factors of political decentralization (Centripetalism, Regional governance, Federalism) and three factors of quality of governance (Quality of European institutions, Quality of national institutions and Enforcement of EU law). Despite the small population observed, the factors showed quite good characteristics and provided a good starting point for further research. In this manner, it was shown that despite a small population, it is possible to develop factor models of suitable quality by using exploratory factor analysis in the sense of best practices

Uporaba neizrazite logike pri investicijskom usklađivanju u javnom sektoru

Politics and the professions often have different standpoints on development planning and investment decisions in the public sector. Opposing views, lack of understanding and an inability to accept compromises in the planning and execution of investments frequently cause deviations which ultimately reveal themselves in negative economic consequences. Effective and successful planning and execution of investments in the public sector is one of the key development tasks in a state or local community. For this reason we have undertaken a detailed investigation of the issue with the goal of devising a tool in the form of a model of a system for support in decision making. In order to make it easier for appraisers and decision makers to express their opinions in a natural and individual manner, we have introduced an appraisal with linguistic values through the use of fuzzy logic. The purpose of this article is to present the characteristics and structure of the fuzzy model for coordinating opinions, and the progress and results of its use in the case of two Slovenian municipalities.Prilikom razvojnog procesa ili investicijskog odlučivanja u javnom sektoru, politika i struka često imaju potpuno različita stajališta. Suprotni pogledi, međusobno nerazumijevanje i nemogućnost usvajanja kompromisa pri prijedlogu razvoja ili investicijama česti su uzrok devijacija koje su na kraju izražene u negativnim ekonomskim posljedicama. Učinkovit i uspješan prijedlog, priprema i izdvajanje investicija u javnom sektoru jedan je od ključnih razvojnih čimbenika države obzirom na lokalnu zajednicu. Zbog ovih razloga odlučili smo problem pozornije istražiti i oblikovati sredstvo u obliku sustava za podršku odlučivanja. Da bi ključnim osobama u procesu odlučivanja omogućili iskaz njihovih razmišljanja na prirodan i njima blizak način, omogućili smo im upotrebu metode neizrazite logike - sustava ocjenjivanja s lingvističkim vrijednostima. Namjera ovog članka je predstavljanje značaja i strukture neizrazitog modela usklađivanja mišljenja, a nastao je korištenjem rezultata studije slučaja - dvije slovenske općine. Studije slučaja pokazale su da je u javnom sektoru primjerenim pristupom moguće implementirati postupak odlučivanja kao rezultat procesa usklađivanja mišljenja različitih osoba koje sudjeluju u procesu odlučivanja

Impact of Active Labour Market Policy Programs on Employment in the EU During the Crisis

Due to the financial crisis and the increase in the unemployment rate, active labour market policy (ALMP) inevitably returned to the forefront with its “activation strategy”. The research challenge of the article is analysing the effectiveness of ALMP in the period 2007-2013. The methodology of the work is panel regression with fixed effects estimation. The model estimates the effect of the two largest programs of the ALMP, Training and Employment Incentives, on Employment Rate, considering six additional control variables with potential effect on the labour market. The results demonstrate a positive impact of the Training program on the Employment Rate even in the time of crisis. In contrast, the Employment Incentives program had, along with Passive Labour Market Policy (PLMP), a somewhat negative impact on Employment Rate. The findings provide an insight into the nature of ALMP's implementation during the financial crisis. While the training programs keep their active nature, the employment incentives become reactive and to a certain degree act as a measure of PLMP.

Celovito obvladovanje kakovosti pri izvajanju nalog lokalne skupnosti: primer predšolske vzgoje

V prispevku predstavljamo izziv vzpostavitve trdnega upravljavskega okvira izvajanja nalog lokalne skupnosti. Na osnovi predpostavke, da je vzpostavitev celovitega obvladovanja kakovosti za napredek tega področja ključnega pomena, smo se pri odkrivanju priložnosti za izboljšanje naslonili na skupni ocenjevalni okvir CAF. Raziskava obravnava področje vzgoje in izobraževanja. Osrednje raziskovalno vprašanje je, kako odgovorni v lokalnih skupnostih za predšolsko vzgojo poznajo in razumejo odgovornost občinskih uprav za uspešno izvajanje nalog iz njihovih pristojnosti. Raziskava je v metodološkem smislu pokazala, da je z uporabo ustrezno oblikovanih vprašalnikov upoštevajoč model CAF v lokalnih skupnostih mogoče odkriti ključne priložnosti za izboljšanje upravljanja z nalogami v pristojnosti občine. Rezultati raziskave na področju predšolske vzgoje kažejo, da občinske uprave dobro obvladujejo finančno področje in se pri načrtovanju osredotočajo predvsem na investicijski (prostorski) vidik. Kot ključna priložnost za izboljšanje se je izkazalo obvladovanje kakovosti. Odkrite priložnosti za izboljšanje izkazujejo potrebo po nadaljnji teoretični obdelavi problema, ki bo osnova za praktične usmeritve v obliki dobrih praks in prenos znanja v prakso

Online Budget Transparency Index and its Determinants in Slovenian Municipalities

In this article, we evaluate the online local budget transparency (OLBT) for all Slovenian municipalities and analyse the impact of various factors on the measured transparency. Most of the municipalities comply with existing regulations. The comparison of the mean values of 91 different characteristics shows that municipalities which do not comply with regulation are smaller, with poorer education structure and social position of citizens. Several municipalities are providing budget transparency beyond the legal requirements. They are smaller and less wealthy than other municipalities complying with regulation. We explain both phenomena by agency and legitimacy theory

Online költségvetési átláthatósági mutató és annak meghatározó tényezői a szlovén önkormányzatoknál

A tanulmány az online helyi költségvetési átláthatóságot értékeli (OLBT) az összes szlovén önkormányzat esetében, illetve a különböző tényezők átláthatóságra gyakorolt hatását elemzi. Az önkormányzatok többsége megfelel az előírásoknak. 91 különböző jellemző átlagértékeinek összehasonlítása azt mutatja, hogy azok az önkormányzatok, amelyek nem felelnek meg a szabályozásnak, általában kisebbek, gyengébb az oktatási struktúrájuk, valamint az ott élők társadalmi helyzete alacsonyabb. Számos önkormányzat a jogszabályi követelményekben előírtakat meghaladó költségvetési átláthatóságot biztosít. Ezek kisebb méretűek és kevésbé vagyonosak, mint más, a szabályozásnak megfelelő önkormányzatok. Mindkét jelenséget az ügynök- és a legitimitáselmélet alapján magyarázzuk

Determinants of Online Local Budget Transparency in Croatia and Slovenia

As a part of the public governance, transparency started to come forward during the New Public Management reforms, mostly for the evaluation of public sector efficiency. This article focuses on online local budget transparency (OLBT) in two neighbouring countries – Croatia and Slovenia. The article is pioneering in a comparative study of the determinants of budget transparency in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, based on a unique database and measure of transparency. The article tests the determinants of OLBT that reflect the accountability of local authorities and a cornerstone for public participation in the budget process. The following methodology was applied: using a data set of 768 Slovenian and Croatian local governments over the 2015–2017 period and testing it against several financial and socio-economic variables, and a random effects panel logistic regression, separately for Croatia, Slovenia, and a pooled sample. The results indicate that greater size of the population, higher administrative capacity and lower unemployment rate in individual local governments significantly contribute to higher levels of OLBT. This study demonstrates the possibility of developing a standardised measure of local budget transparency and using it to investigate the reasons for different levels of transparency in the two – and potentially other – CEE countries. The results of this and similar studies can serve as a basis for establishing cohesive local budget transparency policies for different countries and creating a combination of policy instruments to enhance transparency